Malawi Bloat
Bacterial / dietary
High severity
a fast, often fatal swelling condition of African cichlids, usually triggered by the wrong (too high-protein) diet
Symptoms
Spotting illness early gives the best chance of a cure, so check your fish daily at feeding time. A swollen abdomen, loss of appetite, rapid breathing, hiding, and white stringy faeces, mainly in African Mbuna cichlids. It can kill within days. If you see several of these signs together, act promptly rather than waiting.
Causes
Usually caused by feeding herbivorous Malawi cichlids too much protein, plus stress and poor water quality, which disrupts the gut and lets bacteria and parasites flourish. In nearly every case the underlying trigger is stress, poor water quality, or the introduction of an infected fish - all of which weaken a fish's natural defences.
Treatment
Act fast: large water changes, stop feeding, and treat with metronidazole. Once advanced the prognosis is poor, so early action is vital.
While treating, increase aeration, remove activated carbon from the filter (it absorbs medication), finish the full course even after the fish looks better, and keep the water immaculate with regular changes. Always dose for the tank's true water volume and follow the product instructions.
Prevention
Feed Mbuna a correct vegetable-based diet (spirulina), avoid high-protein foods, and keep water quality high. The golden rules are simple: quarantine every new fish for 2-4 weeks, never overstock or overfeed, avoid sudden temperature or chemistry swings, and do regular partial water changes. A stable, clean, low-stress aquarium prevents the large majority of disease.
FAQ
What is Malawi Bloat in fish?
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This information is general guidance, not veterinary advice. Consult an aquatic vet for serious cases.